Urban infrastructure refers to the physical and organizational structures that support and enable the functioning of cities. This includes transportation systems, utilities (such as water, electricity, and waste management), communication networks, and public services (such as parks, schools, and hospitals). Urban infrastructure plays a critical role in shaping the quality of life, economic development, and sustainability of cities. Research in this area focuses on understanding the design, maintenance, and management of urban infrastructure to improve efficiency, resilience, and inclusivity in urban environments. Topics of study may include urban planning, sustainable development, disaster preparedness, and smart city technologies.